Charantin is a steroidal saponin isolated from Momordica charantia. It increases the release of insulin and slowing down gluconeogenesis. Charantin can inhibit GSK-3.

Sapienic acid sodium is a fatty acid commonly. It has variable antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria found on the skin and in the oral cavity.

H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA (S-2238) dihydrochloride, a chromogenic substrate, is patterned after the N-terminal portion of the A alpha chain of fibrinogen, which is the natural substrate of thrombin. H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride is specific for thrombin and is used to measure antithrombin-heparin cofactor (AT-III). The AT-III assay using H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride is sensitive, accurate, and easy to perform.